Epidemiological profile of pediatric patients with leukemia in the state of Sergipe
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i5.48841Keywords:
Leukemia, Epidemiological Profile, Prognosis.Abstract
Introduction: Leukemia is the most common childhood cancer, accounting for about 30% of malignancies in children under 15. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) accounts for 75–80% of cases, followed by acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with 15–20%. Less common subtypes include juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Genetic, environmental, and immunological factors are associated with its etiology, with a higher incidence in boys aged 1 to 4 years. Diagnosis is based on bone marrow aspiration, biopsy, and immunophenotyping, and treatment involves chemotherapy, potentially including radiotherapy and bone marrow transplantation. This study evaluated the epidemiological factors associated with childhood leukemia at the Emergency Hospital of Sergipe (HUSE), between August 2019 and July 2024. Methodology: A retrospective, descriptive, and observational study was conducted through the review of 406 medical records of pediatric cancer patients. A total of 66 confirmed cases of leukemia were selected. Data were organized in a spreadsheet and analyzed using descriptive statistics and specific tests. A literature review was also carried out, including 31 articles published between 2018 and 2025. Results: Leukemias accounted for 16% of cancer cases, with a predominance of ALL and males. Lymphoid leukemias occurred in younger age groups. Bone marrow aspiration and immunophenotyping were essential for diagnosis. Chemotherapy was the main treatment, and follow-up and survival rates were satisfactory. Conclusion: The identified profile may support strategies for early diagnosis and strengthening of pediatric oncology care in Sergipe.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Laís Viana Aragão Almeida; Raul Bomfim Neto; Luane Mascarenhas Magalhães; Maria Eduarda Silva Sandes; Yasmim Maria Barbosa Vasconcelos Lima; Matheus Jhonnata Santos Mota; Décio Fragata da Silva
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