Aspectos nutricionales en el manejo de la Diabetes mellitus gestacional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i6.42173Palabras clave:
Diabetes gestacional, Factores de riesgo, Riesgos de salud, Índice glucémico, DASH, Dieta mediterránea.Resumen
La Diabetes mellitus se caracteriza por ser una patología que se puede encontrar principalmente en tres tipos diferentes, y entre estos se encuentra la diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG). La DMG se desarrolla durante el embarazo, a partir de la resistencia a la insulina y presenta algunos factores de riesgo para su desarrollo, como obesidad y sobrepeso, antecedentes familiares y edad materna avanzada. Así, el objetivo es comprender esta patología y el papel de la nutrición en su tratamiento y su prevención, a partir de la lectura de artículos y la realización de una revisión integradora de la literatura. Existen riesgos que este tipo de diabetes pueden generar para la salud de la madre y el feto, a saber, preeclampsia, predisposición a desarrollar diabetes mellitus tipo 2, macrosomía y aumento del riesgo de obesidad. A partir de la comprensión de estos puntos, el seguimiento nutricional se entiende como efectivo en la prevención y tratamiento de la diabetes gestacional. La dieta de bajo índice glucémico, DASH y la dieta mediterránea son eficaces en el control glucémico durante la diabetes gestacional y actúan también en la prevención de esta patología, con el fin de favorecer embarazos sin mayores intercurrencias y hábitos alimentarios más saludables.
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