Pancreatectomía por videolaparoscopia: Una revisión de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i2.48203Palabras clave:
Laparoscópica, Tratamiento, Pancreatectomía.Resumen
Introducción: La pancreatectomía es el procedimiento quirúrgico considerado la primera línea de elección para la pancreatitis crónica refractaria, metástasis locorregionales y neoplasias benignas y malignas. Anatómicamente, puede variar en su propuesta, entre pancreatectomía central, distal o total. Metodología: El presente estudio es una revisión narrativa, con limitación temporal por los últimos 5 años (2019-2024) que arrojó 780 artículos, de los cuales 59 fueron utilizados como fuente de información. Discusión: La pancreatectomía distal por videolaparoscopia es un procedimiento quirúrgico indicado principalmente para tratar neoplasias endocrinas pancreáticas, destacando la NEM1, neoplasias mucinosas papilares intraductales, insulinomas y neoplasias quísticas mucinosas. La indicación del procedimiento se basa en clasificaciones preoperatorias, por ejemplo, la relación entre el tumor y la vena esplénica, que evalúa la extensión de la relación entre las variables en una escala de I a IV. Además, la posibilidad de abordaje puede ser total, distal o central, estando previamente definida en seis etapas dentro de las diferentes técnicas. Las principales complicaciones incluyen fístula pancreática, hemorragia, insuficiencia endocrina, infección del sitio quirúrgico, sepsis y trombosis venosa profunda, cuya prevalencia puede estar aumentada en presencia de factores de riesgo como edad avanzada, infiltración grasa del páncreas, diabetes mellitus preexistente y uso previo de anticoagulantes. Conclusión: La pancreatectomía por videolaparoscopia es una técnica quirúrgica mínimamente invasiva con avances significativos en la reducción de eventos complicaciones, además de mejoras continuas en la evaluación de los beneficios en función de la reducción de riesgos.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Luana Maria Ramalho Castro Siqueira; Nicole Mota Picanço; Caio Alexandre Diniz Oliveira; Ivanka Távora Veras de Matos ; José de Ribamar Barroso Jucá Neto; Raul Sancho de Carvalho Rocha; Letícia Fernandes de Deus Moreira; Thiago Menezes de Souza; Gleydson César de Oliveira Borges
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