Púrpura Trombocitopénica Inmunitaria Refractaria al tratamiento con Corticosteroides en mujeres embarazadas: Revisión de la literatura

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i1.48075

Palabras clave:

Púrpura trombocitopênica idiopática, Gestación, Trombocitopenia.

Resumen

Introducción: La púrpura trombocitopénica inmunitaria se define como un recuento de plaquetas inferior a 100x109/L acompañado de signos de sangrado espontáneo. Es una patología frecuentemente observada en mujeres embarazadas. La fisiopatología es una reacción de autoanticuerpos que se unen a las proteínas de la membrana plaquetaria. El diagnóstico se realiza por exclusión y se confirma por la respuesta al tratamiento. Presenta un desafío durante la atención prenatal y las guías actuales presentan protocolos de tratamiento basados en opiniones de expertos y resultados de estudios retrospectivos. Método: Revisión narrativa de la literatura basada en plataformas de datos: Scielo y PubMed. Se aplicaron criterios de inclusión y exclusión, totalizando 34 artículos aquí analizados. Resultados y Discusión: El manejo de la Púrpura Trombocitopénica Inmune es bastante complejo, siendo los corticoides orales e inmunoglobulinas la primera línea. Los pacientes refractarios al tratamiento de primera línea pueden utilizar agonistas del receptor TPO, que han demostrado buenos resultados en informes de casos publicados, estudios retrospectivos y estudios experimentales en animales. La esplenectomía también es una opción terapéutica de segunda línea, sin embargo presenta mayores riesgos cuando se realiza en mujeres embarazadas. Conclusión: La púrpura trombocitopénica inmune puede presentar resistencia a la primera línea de tratamiento y los protocolos de tratamiento para embarazadas resistentes son escasos. Entre las opciones terapéuticas de segunda línea destacan el uso de Agonistas del Receptor de Trombopoyetina y, menos recomendada, la esplenectomía. Se recomiendan ensayos clínicos con terapias de segunda línea y protocolos de tratamiento para mujeres embarazadas resistentes a los corticosteroides.

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Publicado

2025-01-21

Número

Sección

Ciencias de la salud

Cómo citar

PERUSSO, Sara Kaizer Galo; SANTOS, Manoel Barboza Cordeiro dos; HOLSBACH, Danielle Cristine Belisario Scarpin. Púrpura Trombocitopénica Inmunitaria Refractaria al tratamiento con Corticosteroides en mujeres embarazadas: Revisión de la literatura . Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 14, n. 1, p. e7614148075, 2025. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v14i1.48075. Disponível em: https://ojs34.rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/48075. Acesso em: 16 jul. 2025.