Machine learning and vision neural networks in autonomous vehicles for the aging population: A scoping review protocol

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i10.47019

Keywords:

Autonomous Vehicle, Machine Learning, Vision Neural Networks, Human-Computer Interaction, Artificial Intelligence.

Abstract

This scoping review aims to systematically map the current body of literature on the role of Machine Learning (ML) and Vision Neural Networks (VNN) in enhancing the usability and accessibility of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) for elderly and disabled users. While AV technology has advanced significantly in recent years, the solutions of how these technologies can address the unique challenges faced by these vulnerable populations still in an undeveloped or underdeveloped stage. For example, cognitive decline, physical limitations, and lower trust in automated systems. The review will investigate how ML and VNN contribute to improving safety, usability, accessibility, and trust in AVs, focusing on studies published between 2020 and 2024. A comprehensive search will be conducted across four major databases, which are PubMed, IEEE Xplore, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The language of targeting peer-reviewed empirical studies and reviews must be written in English. Data will be extracted using a standardized form and synthesized through a descriptive analytical framework to identify key themes, trends, and gaps in the literature. The findings will offer valuable insights into how AV technologies can be further optimized for elderly and disabled users. It will guide future research and informing the development of more inclusive, safe, and trustworthy AV systems. Therefore, they can promote greater mobility and independence for these populations.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Alzubaidi, M. S., Shah, U., Dhia Zubaydi, H., Dolaat, K., Abd-Alrazaq, A. A., Ahmed, A., & Househ, M. (2021). The role of neural network for the detection of Parkinson’s disease: A scoping review. Healthcare, 9(6), 740. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9060740

Australian Government. (2024, July 2). Older Australians, about. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/older-people/older-australians/contents/about

Bichu, Y. M., Hansa, I., Bichu, A. Y., Premjani, P., Flores-Mir, C., & Vaid, N. R. (2021). Applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning in orthodontics: A scoping review. Progress in Orthodontics, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40510-021-00361-9

Casali, Y., Aydin, N. Y., & Comes, T. (2022). Machine learning for spatial analyses in urban areas: A scoping review. Sustainable Cities and Society, 85, 104050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.104050

Elallid, B. B., Benamar, N., Hafid, A. S., Rachidi, T., & Mrani, N. (2022). A comprehensive survey on the application of deep and reinforcement learning approaches in autonomous driving. Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences, 34(9), 7366–7390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksuci.2022.03.013

Fayyad, J., Jaradat, M. A., Gruyer, D., & Najjaran, H. (2020). Deep learning sensor fusion for autonomous vehicle perception and localization: A review. Sensors, 20(15), 4220. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20154220

Ignatious, H. A., Sayed, H.-E., & Khan, M. (2022). An overview of sensors in autonomous vehicles. Procedia Computer Science, 198, 736–741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.12.315

Katalesanket. (2023, November 27). Machine learning in self-driving cars. Medium. https://medium.com/@katalesanket90/machine-learning-in-self-driving-cars-8b5d1c685d3b

Karle, P., Fent, F., Huch, S., Sauerbeck, F., & Lienkamp, M. (2023). Multi-modal sensor fusion and object tracking for autonomous racing. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles, 8(7), 3871–3883. https://doi.org/10.1109/tiv.2023.3271624

Lajunen, T., & Sullman, M. J. (2021). Attitudes toward four levels of self-driving technology among elderly drivers. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.682973

Mozaffari, S., Al-Jarrah, O. Y., Dianati, M., Jennings, P., & Mouzakitis, A. (2022). Deep learning-based vehicle behavior prediction for autonomous driving applications: A review. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 23(1), 33–47. https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.3012034

Müller, J. M. (2019). Comparing technology acceptance for autonomous vehicles, battery electric vehicles, and car sharing—a study across Europe, China, and North America. Sustainability, 11(16), 4333. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11164333

Mohammad-Rahimi, H., Nadimi, M., Rohban, M. H., Shamsoddin, E., Lee, V. Y., & Motamedian, S. R. (2021). Machine learning and orthodontics, current trends and future opportunities: A scoping review. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 160(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.02.013

Pande, P. S., & Khandelwal, S. (2022). A review on deep learning approaches for object detection in self-driving cars. NeuroQuantology, 20(13), 1144–1151. https://www.neuroquantology.com/open-access/A+Review+on+Deep+Learning+approaches+for+Object+Detection+in+Self-Driving+Cars9862/? download=true

Pavel, M. I., Tan, S. Y., & Abdullah, A. (2022). Vision-based autonomous vehicle systems based on deep learning: A systematic literature review. Applied Sciences, 12(14), 6831. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12146831

Rahman, M. M., Deb, S., Strawderman, L., Burch, R., & Smith, B. (2019). How the older population perceives self-driving vehicles. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 65, 242–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2019.08.002

Reid, A. E., Doucet, S., Luke, A., Azar, R., & Horsman, A. R. (2019). The impact of patient navigation: A scoping review protocol. JBI Evidence Synthesis, 17(6), 1079–1085.

Silva, N., Zhang, D., Kulvicius, T., Gail, A., Barreiros, C., Lindstaedt, S., Kraft, M., Bölte, S., Poustka, L., Nielsen-Saines, K., Wörgötter, F., Einspieler, C., & Marschik, P. B. (2021). The future of general movement assessment: The role of computer vision and machine learning – A scoping review. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 110, 103854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103854

Singh, S., & Saini, B. S. (2021). Autonomous cars: Recent developments, challenges, and possible solutions. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1022(1), 012028. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1022/1/012028

Sirohi, D., Kumar, N., & Rana, P. S. (2020). Convolutional neural networks for 5G-enabled intelligent transportation system: A systematic review. Computer Communications, 153, 459–498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2020.01.058

Smith, T., Lee, K. H., Yu, K., Armstrong, L., & Cook, D. M. (2022). Exploring issues of resilience and technology use for older people: A scoping review protocol. Research, Society and Development, 11(15), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i15.37773

Soori, M., Arezoo, B., & Dastres, R. (2023). Artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning in advanced robotics, a review. Cognitive Robotics, 3, 54–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogr.2023.04.001

Stewart, L. A., Clarke, M., Rovers, M., Riley, R. D., Simmonds, M., Stewart, G., & Tierney, J. F. (2015). Preferred reporting items for a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data: The PRISMA-IPD statement. JAMA, 313(16), 1657–1665.

Sun, H., Jing, P., Zhao, M., Chen, Y., Zhan, F., & Shi, Y. (2020). Research on the mode choice intention of the elderly for autonomous vehicles based on the extended ecological model. Sustainability, 12(24), 10661. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410661

Yuen, K. F., Cai, L., Qi, G., & Wang, X. (2020). Factors influencing autonomous vehicle adoption: An application of the technology acceptance model and innovation diffusion theory. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 33(5), 505–519. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2020.1826423

Zablocki, É., Ben-Younes, H., Pérez, P., & Cord, M. (2022). Explainability of deep vision-based autonomous driving systems: Review and challenges. International Journal of Computer Vision, 130(10), 2425–2452. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-022-01657-x

Zakaria, N. J., Shapiai, M. I., Ghani, R. A., Yassin, M. N., Ibrahim, M. Z., & Wahid, N. (2023). Lane detection in autonomous vehicles: A systematic review. IEEE Access, 11, 3729–3765. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3234442

Downloads

Published

2024-10-04

Issue

Section

Note Preview

How to Cite

Machine learning and vision neural networks in autonomous vehicles for the aging population: A scoping review protocol. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 13, n. 10, p. e01131047019, 2024. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v13i10.47019. Disponível em: https://ojs34.rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/47019. Acesso em: 28 jun. 2025.