Riesgo de caídas en la población mayor: Una revisión narrativa sobre factores contribuyentes y estrategias de prevención

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i10.47130

Palabras clave:

Adulto mayor, Caídas accidentales, Prevención de accidentes, Calidad de vida.

Resumen

Las caídas en personas mayores constituyen un problema de salud pública de gran complejidad, asociado con un aumento sustancial de la morbilidad, la mortalidad y una reducción significativa en la calidad de vida de esta población vulnerable. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar sistemáticamente las causas subyacentes de las caídas en personas mayores y discutir las intervenciones preventivas más eficaces en el contexto actual. Se realizó una revisión narrativa, integrando datos de la literatura obtenidos en bases internacionales, considerando artículos publicados entre 2020 y 2024 y utilizando descriptores como "caídas en personas mayores", "prevención" y "calidad de vida". El análisis reveló que las caídas son principalmente el resultado de una interrelación compleja entre factores intrínsecos, como la fragilidad, la polifarmacia, los déficits cognitivos y las alteraciones sensoriales, y factores extrínsecos, como entornos inseguros y barreras arquitectónicas. Las intervenciones más prometedoras resultaron ser multifactoriales, abarcando programas de ejercicios físicos enfocados en el fortalecimiento muscular y la mejora del equilibrio, adaptaciones ambientales y tecnologías asistivas, con énfasis en sistemas de monitoreo remoto y tecnologías vestibles. Sin embargo, la adherencia a las intervenciones se ve obstaculizada por barreras como la resistencia al cambio por parte de las personas mayores y limitaciones en el acceso a recursos especializados. Se concluye que la prevención de caídas requiere enfoques integrados e individualizados que combinen estrategias físicas, ambientales y tecnológicas, con el objetivo de reducir los riesgos y promover la autonomía y la calidad de vida de las personas mayores.

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Publicado

2024-10-15

Número

Sección

Ciencias de la salud

Cómo citar

SANTOS, Gerson de Souza; BARRETO JUNIOR, Marcelo Gomes; OLIVEIRA, Lucas dos Santos de; FERREIRA , Lara Figueiredo; SILVA , Jônatas Clímaco da; FREITAS , Victor Lima de Paiva; DOURADO, Isadora Araújo Teixeira. Riesgo de caídas en la población mayor: Una revisión narrativa sobre factores contribuyentes y estrategias de prevención. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 13, n. 10, p. e67131047130, 2024. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v13i10.47130. Disponível em: https://ojs34.rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/47130. Acesso em: 16 jul. 2025.