Risco de quedas na população Idosa: Uma revisão narrativa sobre fatores contribuintes e estratégias de prevenção

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i10.47130

Palavras-chave:

Idoso, Acidentes por quedas, Prevenção de acidentes, Qualidade de vida.

Resumo

As quedas em idosos constituem uma problemática de saúde pública de elevada complexidade, associada a um aumento substancial da morbidade, da mortalidade e a uma expressiva redução na qualidade de vida dessa população vulnerável. O presente estudo objetivou explorar sistematicamente as causas subjacentes às quedas em idosos e discutir as intervenções preventivas mais eficazes no contexto atual. Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa, integrando dados de literatura obtidos em bases internacionais, considerando artigos publicados entre 2020 e 2024 e utilizando descritores como "quedas em idosos", "prevenção" e "qualidade de vida". A análise revelou que as quedas são majoritariamente decorrentes de uma inter-relação complexa entre fatores intrínsecos, como fragilidade, polifarmácia, déficits cognitivos e alterações sensoriais, e fatores extrínsecos, como ambientes inseguros e barreiras arquitetônicas. As intervenções mais promissoras mostraram-se multifatoriais, abrangendo programas de exercícios físicos voltados ao fortalecimento muscular e melhora do equilíbrio, adaptações ambientais e tecnologias assistivas, com destaque para sistemas de monitoramento remoto e tecnologias vestíveis. Contudo, a adesão às intervenções é prejudicada por barreiras como resistência à mudança por parte dos idosos e limitações no acesso a recursos especializados. Conclui-se que a prevenção de quedas requer abordagens integradas e individualizadas, que combinem estratégias físicas, ambientais e tecnológicas, visando à redução dos riscos e à promoção da autonomia e qualidade de vida dos idosos.

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Publicado

2024-10-15

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SANTOS, Gerson de Souza; BARRETO JUNIOR, Marcelo Gomes; OLIVEIRA, Lucas dos Santos de; FERREIRA , Lara Figueiredo; SILVA , Jônatas Clímaco da; FREITAS , Victor Lima de Paiva; DOURADO, Isadora Araújo Teixeira. Risco de quedas na população Idosa: Uma revisão narrativa sobre fatores contribuintes e estratégias de prevenção. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 13, n. 10, p. e67131047130, 2024. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v13i10.47130. Disponível em: https://ojs34.rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/47130. Acesso em: 16 jul. 2025.