Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade: Implicações no comportamento alimentar e estado nutricional nas fases da vida

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i6.48977

Palavras-chave:

Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade, Comportamento alimentar, Crescimento e desenvolvimento, Deficiências nutricionais, Neuronutrição.

Resumo

O Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) é um transtorno do neurodesenvolvimento caracterizado por desatenção, desorganização e hiperatividade-impulsividade, com prevalência de 5% a 7% na infância e de 2% a 6% na população adulta, frequentemente associado a comorbidades clínicas e comportamentais. Disfunções no lobo pré-frontal — região responsável pelo controle da atenção, inibição e tomada de decisões — são apontadas como centrais na fisiopatologia do TDAH, influenciando negativamente os comportamentos alimentares e aumentando a suscetibilidade para deficiências nutricionais. Este estudo objetivou analisar os impactos do diagnóstico de TDAH sobre o comportamento alimentar nas diferentes fases da vida, com ênfase na infância e adolescência. Conduziu-se uma revisão bibliográfica qualitativa com estudos publicados entre 2014 e 2025, nas bases SCIELO, PUBMED, BIREME, PsycINFO e SCOPUS. Os resultados revelam maior propensão de indivíduos com TDAH a padrões alimentares inadequados, ingestão deficiente de micronutrientes e risco aumentado de desenvolver transtornos alimentares. Impulsividade e  dificuldade de autorregulação revelam-se como sintomas determinantes nas escolhas alimentares disfuncionais, com repercussões na saúde nutricional e no surgimento de comorbidades na vida adulta, sobretudo na ausência de intervenções precoces. O manejo do TDAH deve ser multidisciplinar, contemplando cuidados nutricionais, psicoterapêuticos e comportamentais. Nesse âmbito, a adoção de padrões alimentares saudáveis, como a dieta mediterrânea e a suplementação de ômega-3, nutrientes e minerais mostram-se promissoras na modulação dos sintomas do TDAH. Assim, a intervenção nutricional destaca-se como componente fundamental na promoção da saúde e qualidade de vida desses indivíduos ao longo de todo ciclo vital.

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2025-06-06

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Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade: Implicações no comportamento alimentar e estado nutricional nas fases da vida. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 14, n. 6, p. e1314648977, 2025. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v14i6.48977. Disponível em: https://ojs34.rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/48977. Acesso em: 29 jun. 2025.